Part 2 of a Research Paper by Prof. Carl Edwin Lindgren, D.Ed. (Part 1)
| SECTION 1 | SECTION 2 | SECTION 3 | SECTION 4 |
CHAPTER IV
Questions receiving a rating of $
3 are to be included in a section in the proposed text. Generally, the lower
the rating, the less amount of information that will be presented in the
manual. This would eliminate those areas of photography that most of the
respondents felt to be of little value.
History & Philosophy
Photography, Pre-1839
Question one asked participants to indicate the value of pre-1839 history of photography as an item for inclusion in a teacher's manual. On a scale of 1-5, this question rated 3.06. Although not as valuable as other points in this section, educators felt that photography's history before 1839 was of potential value to the student.
Question two, which is also
historical in nature, brought photography from the 1840s to the present. This
period of photographic history was more relevant to the respondents in that the
mean value was 3.85. Twenty-five respondents (38.4 percent) scored the question
five, while four individuals (6.2 percent) ranked it a value of one.
Photography in the Future
Question three, relates to photography's uses, purpose, and benefits in the future. This area, (surprisingly) did not interest educators significantly more than the previous sections. With a mean value of 3.83, future developments in photography were considered of no more importance than the history of photography. However, nineteen participants (29.2 percent) ranked the question a five while only two respondents (3.1 percent) scored the inquiry a one.
Table 1
where 1 is of Little Value and 5 is Greatest Value * **
Pre-1839 1839-Pres. Future Art Form Color vs B&W
|
3.06 |
3.85 |
3.83 |
4.37 |
2.74 |
|
2.67 |
3.41 |
3.89 |
4.41 |
2.70 |
|
3.05 |
3.88 |
3.65 |
3.82 |
3.17 |
|
3.57 |
4.38 |
3.90 |
4.76 |
2.43 |
* On this and tables following that deal with
averages, the mean was determined by assigning five points to the areas,
defined by the questions, that possess the greatest value and one point to the
ones with the little value. The numbers 4 (greater), 3 (of value), and 2 (some
value) represent descending importance.
** See Appendix C for listing of each score per question and its statistical analysis in relation to standard deviation, variance, coefficient variance, etc.
Table 2
Responses and Percentages to Questions under the Section on History and Philosophy of
Photography: A Ranking for each on a 1-5 Scale where 1 is of Little Value and 5 is Greatest Value
|
Value |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
Responses |
11 |
6 |
23 |
18 |
7 |
|
Percent |
16.9 |
9.2 |
35.4 |
27.7 |
10.8 |
|
Value |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
Responses |
4 |
6 |
11 |
19 |
25 |
|
Percent |
6.2 |
.2 |
16.9 |
29.2 |
38.5 |
|
Value |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
Responses |
2 |
2 |
20 |
22 |
19 |
|
Percent |
3.1 |
3.1 |
30.8 |
33.8 |
29.2 |
Photography as an Art Form
|
Value |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
Responses |
2 |
1 |
5 |
20 |
37 |
|
Percent |
3.1 |
1.5 |
7.7 |
30.8 |
56.9 |
|
Value |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
Responses |
11 |
22 |
15 |
7 |
10 |
|
Percent |
16.9 |
33.8 |
23.1 |
10.8 |
15.4 |
Individuals responding to question four ranked its importance much higher than questions on history or future developments. The mean score was 4.37 and showed the extent to which educators believe that photography is an art form. Thirty-seven educators (56.9 percent) ranked the question a five while only two (3.1 percent) gave the question a one. Fifty-seven respondents (88.6 percent) gave the question values of four and five.
In the final question of this section, relating to color vs. the black and white print, teachers showed little interest. With a 2.74, this area received the lowest value of the section. The percentage of fives was low, with only 10 participants (15.4 percent) valuing the question a five while thirty-three individuals (16.9 and 33.8 percent respectively) marked one and two.
In this section, question six asked the respondents to indicate their preference (little or greatest value) for including travel and nature photography in a manual. The mean score in this question was 3.34. Thirteen respondents (20 percent) scored this question a five while only five (7.7 percent) provided a value of one.
Trick, Abstract, and Infra-red Photography
Question seven, pertaining to trick, abstract and infra-red photography, had a mean value of 3.14. This value was the lowest in the section on Uses of Photography. Twenty-seven responses fell toward the center (over 41.5 percent marking three) while only five (7.7 percent) gave the question a value of one and eight (12.3 percent) a value of five.
Table 3
1-5 where 1 is of Little Value and 5 is Greatest Value
Overall Responses
|
3.34 |
3.14 |
3.51 |
3.85 |
4.03 |
|
3.30 |
3.11 |
3.50 |
3.62 |
3.52 |
|
3.71 |
3.23 |
3.35 |
3.88 |
4.06 |
|
3.10 |
3.10 |
3.67 |
4.10 |
4.67 |
Responses and
Percentages to Questions under the Section on Uses of
Photography: A Ranking
for each on a 1-5 Scale where 1
is of Little Value and 5 is
Greatest Value
|
Value |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
Responses |
5 |
11 |
19 |
17 |
13 |
|
Percent |
7.7 |
16.9 |
29.2 |
26.2 |
20.0 |
|
Value |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
Responses |
5 |
11 |
27 |
14 |
8 |
|
Percent |
7.7 |
16.9 |
41.5 |
21.5 |
12.3 |
|
Value |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
Responses |
4 |
11 |
14 |
20 |
16 |
|
Percent |
6.2 |
19.9 |
21.5 |
30.8 |
|