Genesis 21:1-8
And the LORD visited Sarah as he had said, and the LORD did unto Sarah as he had spoken. ²For Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham a son in his old age, at the set time of which God had spoken to him. ³And Abraham called the name of his son that was born unto him, whom Sarah bare to him, Isaac. ⁴And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac being eight days old, as God had commanded him. ⁵And Abraham was an hundred years old, when his son Isaac was born unto him. ⁶And Sarah said, God hath made me to laugh, so that all that hear will laugh with me. ⁷And she said, Who would have said unto Abraham, that Sarah should have given children suck? for I have born him a son in his old age. ⁸And the child grew, and was weaned: and Abraham made a great feast the same day that Isaac was weaned. (KJV)

1. visited = paqad {paw-kad'}
   = to attend to; to pay attention to; to reckon.
   In the Qal stem (simple statement of fact) & Perfect mood (a completed action).
       
2. old age = zaqun {zaw-koon'}
   = extreme old age.
       
3. Isaac - 2 different words used:

   a.

   Yitschaq {Yits-khawk'} = laughter (i.e. in mockery; comes from tsachaq {tsaw-khak'} = a primitive root word meaning to laugh outright, either in merriment or scorn; to sport, mock, play, laugh.

   b.

   Yischaq {Yis-khawk'} (used in only 4 places) = "he will laugh," & comes from a word meaning to laugh proudly. Psalm 105:6-9 O ye seed of Abraham his servant, ye children of Jacob his chosen. 7He is the LORD our God: his judgments are in all the earth. 8He hath remembered his covenant for ever, the word which he commanded to a thousand generations. 9Which covenant he made with Abraham, and his oath unto Isaac; (KJV) Jeremiah 33:25-26 Thus saith the LORD; If my covenant be not with day and night, and if I have not appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth; 26Then will I cast away the seed of Jacob, and David my servant, so that I will not take any of his seed to be rulers over the seed of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob: for I will cause their captivity to return, and have mercy on them. (KJV) Amos 7:9 And the high places of Isaac shall be desolate, and the sanctuaries of Israel shall be laid waste; and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword. (KJV) Amos 7:16 Now therefore hear thou the word of the LORD: Thou sayest, Prophesy not against Israel, and drop not thy word against the house of Isaac. (KJV) Isaac (Greek) = Isaak {ee-sah-ak'} = the son of Abraham. (The son of promise) Romans 9:7 7 Neither, because they are the seed of Abraham, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called. (KJV)

4. weaned = gamal {gaw-mal'}
   = wean a child; Used only 3 times, here & 1 Sam. 1:22
   Niphal stem = passive action & Imperfect mood = a single action with color.

Genesis 21:9-10
And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, which she had born unto Abraham, mocking. ¹⁰Wherefore she said unto Abraham, Cast out this bondwoman and her son: for the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir with my son, even with Isaac. (KJV)

1. mocking = tsachaq {tsaw-khak'}
   =to laugh, mock, jest; make a toy of.
   = Piel stem = intensive & intentional action & Participle mood = unbroken continuity.
        
2. cast out = to drive out; thrust away. Piel stem &Imperative mood=a command or an order in the intensive action.
        
3. bondwoman = 'amah {aw-maw'}
   = handmaid, maidservant, female slave, concubine.
        
4. heir = yarash {yaw-rash'}
   = to take possession of; to inherit; impoverish, make poor.

Very important:

Galatians 4:22-31
For it is written, that Abraham had two sons, the one by a bondmaid, the other by a freewoman. ²³But he who was of the bondwoman was born after the flesh; but he of the freewoman was by promise. ²⁴Which things are an allegory: for these are the two covenants; the one from the mount Sinai, which gendereth to bondage, which is Agar. ²⁵For this Agar is mount Sinai in Arabia, and answereth to Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children. ²⁶But Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the mother of us all. ²⁷For it is written, Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not; break forth and cry, thou that travailest not: for the desolate hath many more children than she which hath an husband. ²⁸Now we, brethren, as Isaac was, are the children of promise. ²⁹But as then he that was born after the flesh persecuted him that was born after the Spirit, even so it is now. ³⁰Nevertheless what saith the scripture? Cast out the bondwoman and her son: for the son of the bondwoman shall not be heir with the son of the freewoman. ³¹So then, brethren, we are not children of the bondwoman, but of the free. (KJV)

Romans 9:6-8
Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel: ⁷Neither, because they are the seed of Abraham, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called. ⁸That is, They which are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted for the seed. (KJV)

The New Testament helps us to understand the Old Testament. The above passage from Romans 9:6-8 shows what was said to Abraham by The LORD in Genesis:

Genesis 21:12
And God said unto Abraham, Let it not be grievous in thy sight because of the lad, and because of thy bondwoman; in all that Sarah hath said unto thee, hearken unto her voice; for in Isaac shall thy seed be called. (KJV)

Genesis 21:13-21
And also of the son of the bondwoman will I make a nation, because he is thy seed. ¹⁴And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread, and a bottle of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the child, and sent her away: and she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba. ¹⁵And the water was spent in the bottle, and she cast the child under one of the shrubs. ¹⁶And she went, and sat her down over against him a good way off, as it were a bowshot: for she said, Let me not see the death of the child. And she sat over against him, and lift up her voice, and wept. ¹⁷And God heard the voice of the lad; and the angel of God called to Hagar out of heaven, and said unto her, What aileth thee, Hagar? fear not; for God hath heard the voice of the lad where he is. ¹⁸Arise, lift up the lad, and hold him in thine hand; for I will make him a great nation. ¹⁹And God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water; and she went, and filled the bottle with water, and gave the lad drink. ²⁰And God was with the lad; and he grew, and dwelt in the wilderness, and became an archer. ²¹And he dwelt in the wilderness of Paran: and his mother took him a wife out of the land of Egypt. (KJV)

1. Jehovah God had compassion on "the lad" because of Abraham; This was also true of Lot's escape from Sodom. GOD's "born again children" have a lot of influence over the affairs of men and nations!
        
2. wept = 1st use of this word = bakah {baw-kaw'}
   = to weep bitterly in grief; bewail; shed tears.
   It is in the Qal stem (simple statement of fact) & the Imperfect mood (expresses an action which is incomplete)
        
3. God heard = He heard & did something about it: He dispatched an angel to inform Hagar what to do (hold him fast in thine hand) & what the future held.
        
4. archer = rabah {raw-baw'}
   = to become great; to multiply (people, animals, things); It means to "become great in unbroken continuity. (= active Participle) compare:

Psalm 127:3-5
Lo, children are an heritage of the LORD: and the fruit of the womb is his reward. ⁴As arrows are in the hand of a mighty man; so are children of the youth. ⁵Happy is the man that hath his quiver full of them: they shall not be ashamed, but they shall speak with the enemies in the gate. (KJV)

5. His mother, Hagar, took him a wife out of her "own people," Egypt.

Genesis 21:22-24
And it came to pass at that time, that Abimelech and Phichol the chief captain of his host spake unto Abraham, saying, God is with thee in all that thou doest: ²³Now therefore swear unto me here by God that thou wilt not deal falsely with me, nor with my son, nor with my son's son: but according to the kindness that I have done unto thee, thou shalt do unto me, and to the land wherein thou hast sojourned. ²⁴And Abraham said, I will swear. (KJV)

1. swear = shaba' {shaw-bah'}
   = to beseventh; take an oath; seal an oath.
   The number 7 seems to have a symbolic & sacred meaning.
        
2. swear (as used by Abimelech)
   = same meaning but it is in the Imperative mood
   = an order or command. He also used the word, here = hennah {hane'-naw} = here & now.
        
3. swear (as used by Abraham)
   = the same meaning but is in the Imperfect mood
   = expresses an incomplete action. {both words, "swear" = in the passive stem (Niphal).}

   Genesis 21:25-34
   And Abraham reproved Abimelech because of a well of water, which Abimelech's servants had violently taken away. ²⁶And Abimelech said, I wot not who hath done this thing: neither didst thou tell me, neither yet heard I of it, but to day. ²⁷And Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and both of them made a covenant. ²⁸And Abraham set seven ewe lambs of the flock by themselves. ²⁹And Abimelech said unto Abraham, What mean these seven ewe lambs which thou hast set by themselves? ³⁰And he said, For these seven ewe lambs shalt thou take of my hand, that they may be a witness unto me, that I have digged this well. ³¹Wherefore he called that place Beersheba; because there they sware both of them. ³²Thus they made a covenant at Beersheba: then Abimelech rose up, and Phichol the chief captain of his host, and they returned into the land of the Philistines.
   ³³And Abraham planted a grove in Beersheba, and called there on the name of the LORD, the everlasting God. ³⁴And Abraham sojourned in the Philistines' land many days. (KJV)

4. seven ewe lambs = a forcing of an oath upon Abimelech, sealing the "well covenant."
        
5. witness = 'edah {ay-daw'}
   = this word is always in the plural & always of laws as divine testimonies.
   = testimony or witness.
        
6. Beersheba = B@'er Sheba {be-ayr'-sheh'-bah}
   = "well of the sevenfold oath."
        
7. LORD = Y@hovah {yeh-ho-vaw'}
   = The existing One; (I AM);
   = The proper Name of the One True God.
        
8. Everlasting = 'owlam {o-lawm'}
   = perpetual; for ever.unending.
        
9. God = 'El {ale}
   = shortened form of 'ayil {ah'-yil}
   = as mighty (rams, oaks); leader; chief.